By Maria Lucia Passador I. Executive Overview and Legislative Purpose In today’s economy, digital trust is capital. Yet it is eroded daily by ransomware and supply-chain breaches. Europe’s response is Directive (EU) 2022/2555—better known as NIS 2—the most ambitious cybersecurity framework ever enacted. NIS 2 marks a turning point: it moves cybersecurity from the server room to the boardroom. Replacing and expanding the original NIS Directive, it widens the range of covered sectors, strengthens risk-management and reporting obligations, and arms regulators with sharper supervisory and enforcement tools. Its legislative purpose is unmistakable—to end the patchwork of national regimes that left […]
Daily Archives: January 25, 2026
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By Diksha Singh On 1 August 2025, the European Court of Justice delivered its ruling in Royal Football Club Seraing v FIFA (C-600/23), a decision that marks a constitutional turning point for sports arbitration within the European Union (EU). For professional athletes, this means disciplinary or transfer disputes can no longer be insulated from EU law oversight. Where the final decisions of sports tribunals clash with the EU’s basic guarantee of effective judicial protection, they must yield. Far from a narrow ruling about football, Seraing reverberates across the wider landscape of private dispute resolution. Its reasoning could reshape arbitration in […]
By Muhammad Siddique Ali Pirzada Introduction Across Europe, femicide committed by intimate partners or family members has shown a stubborn persistence. Since 2010, progress has been slow at best, and in certain regions, like Eastern Europe, the statistics remain static. In 2023, above 50% of all murdered women were killed by someone within their domestic circle. These figures are not anomalies, they reflect enduring structural and societal failures that normalize and perpetuate gender-based violence. Domestic violence is a gendered phenomenon, both in its execution and with the institutional inertia that often meets it. Still, the European Court of Human Rights […]